Saed News: If you knew that high blood pressure can be very dangerous and even life-threatening, you would certainly pay more attention to doctors’ recommendations regarding blood pressure control.
According to SAEDNEWS, Fatemeh Hayati, a nephrology specialist, gave a simple definition of blood pressure: when the heart acts as a pump and sends blood into the vessels, it exerts pressure on the vessel walls, which is called blood pressure. If the upper number is below 12 and the lower number is below 8, this is considered normal blood pressure and no complications are expected.
She added that when the lower number rises above 8, complications gradually begin to appear. Since blood vessels are spread throughout the entire body, vital organs—especially the heart and brain—become damaged. High blood pressure is not only one of the most common causes of stroke, heart attack, and cardiovascular diseases, but it also leads to kidney failure, vision loss, and damage to other organs.
Hayati noted that the most important underlying cause of hypertension is genetic factors, and having a family history of high blood pressure is a significant risk factor. In addition, obesity and excess weight increase the risk. Unhealthy dietary habits, consumption of fast food, and foods high in salt are also important contributing factors.
She emphasized that families unfortunately train children’s taste preferences from childhood toward fast food and salty snacks, which increases the risk of hypertension later in life.
The nephrology specialist also stated that stress is an influential factor in developing high blood pressure and can worsen it in patients. Smoking, alcohol consumption, certain diseases, and the use of specific medications are other contributing factors.
Hayati explained prevention methods for high blood pressure: in adulthood (ages 18 to 30), blood pressure should be measured every three years. Proper measurement requires the person to be in a calm room, without physical activity, not anxious, and seated quietly for a few minutes.
Up to age 40, if systolic pressure is less than or equal to 12 and diastolic is less than or equal to 8, blood pressure is considered normal. If it rises—for example, systolic between 12 and 13 or diastolic above 8—it is considered elevated and medical consultation is necessary.
She stressed that after age 40, even if blood pressure has been normal before, it should be checked at least once a year. Individuals with risk factors should pay even more attention.
Regarding when treatment should begin, she explained that to diagnose hypertension, blood pressure must be measured on at least two separate visits and be high. In each visit, it is measured at least twice with a one-minute interval. If in two visits the systolic pressure is above 13 and diastolic above 8, treatment should be considered.
She emphasized that lifestyle modification is the first-line treatment; before starting medication, underlying causes should be addressed. If blood pressure is between 12 and 14, it can often be controlled through lifestyle changes or weight loss. However, if it reaches 14 over 8, medication is also necessary.
Hayati warned against stopping blood pressure medication on one’s own: hypertension is a silent disease, and long-term medication use can sometimes make patients tired of treatment. Some people think that skipping medication for a day or two and seeing normal readings means they are cured. However, because blood pressure is silent and fluctuates, it can rise at certain times and gradually damage internal organs.
She emphasized that stopping medication can cause silent damage. In patients with heart failure or narrowed coronary arteries, blood pressure control may only slow progression, but existing damage remains. When kidneys are affected, kidney failure complications occur, and bleeding or other serious issues may develop. Therefore, stopping medication is not recommended.
She added that modern medications are usually prescribed once daily, improving patient compliance. Sometimes two drugs are combined into one pill for convenience. Regular check-ups every four to six months help prevent complications.
Regarding abrupt discontinuation of medication, she explained that it can raise blood pressure even higher than before treatment. Since medications have a lasting effect, patients may not notice problems immediately, but a week later stress or anger can trigger a sudden increase, leading to serious complications. Therefore, sudden discontinuation is not advised.
She also noted that strong tea or coffee does not directly increase blood pressure, but may cause gastrointestinal issues. Sugary soft drinks contribute to obesity and are not healthy, and energy drinks are also not recommended.
Finally, she explained drug interactions: using multiple antihypertensive drugs from different groups is safe if properly prescribed. Sometimes doctors combine medications to reduce the number of pills. If taken under medical supervision and not self-prescribed, no harmful interactions occur.
