SAEDNEWS: The first thousand days of life, from pregnancy to the end of the second year, are the most sensitive period for a baby’s physical and mental growth, during which proper nutrition plays a key role in brain development, overall health, and future eating habits.
According to the Family Magazine Service of SaedNews, the first thousand days of life, starting from conception and continuing until the end of the second year, are among the most important periods for an infant’s physical and mental development. During this time, proper nutrition for both mother and child plays a key role in brain development, bone strengthening, and overall health, and even shapes the individual’s dietary habits in later years. For this reason, this period is often referred to as the “golden period.”
In this article, while examining the importance of nutrition during these first thousand golden days, we will outline scientific and international recommendations.
Scientific studies show that a healthy diet and appropriate maternal weight before pregnancy can both improve pregnancy conditions and lay the foundation for the child’s future health. Achieving a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9 and starting early nutritional planning for mothers are among the most important factors associated with the child’s health.
During pregnancy, a balanced diet is vital for the health of both mother and fetus. The diet should include the five main food groups: fruits, vegetables, grains, protein sources such as meat and eggs, and dairy. Additionally, the consumption of refined sugars and saturated fats should be minimized.
One point emphasized by research is the increased need for protein during pregnancy. This need begins in the first trimester and reaches an additional 31 grams per day in the second trimester, ensuring proper growth of both the fetus and the mother.
Some nutrients play a key role in maternal and fetal health, including:
Iron: Prevents anemia and improves oxygen delivery
Vitamin D: Maintains bone health
Iodine: Supports nervous system development and thyroid function
Calcium: Strengthens bones
Protein: Supports fetal tissue development
Zinc: Enhances fetal immune system
Folic Acid: Prevents neural tube defects
DHA: Supports brain and vision development
Given the complexity of obtaining these nutrients through diet alone, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that pregnant women take daily supplements containing essential micronutrients (MMS). These supplements can reduce the risk of premature birth or low birth weight.
Additionally, certain foods, such as raw meat and unpasteurized cheeses, should be avoided to prevent dangerous infections. On the other hand, excessive vitamin A intake may increase the risk of congenital abnormalities and should be limited.
From birth to six months of age, breast milk is the best source of nutrition for the infant. It provides a complete combination of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals that fully meet the child’s needs. Breast milk also contains beneficial bacteria and oligosaccharides that maintain gut health and prevent the growth of harmful bacteria.
Evidence shows that breastfeeding is associated with better cognitive development and higher intelligence in later years. Based on this, reputable institutions such as the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life.
By six months of age, breast milk alone is no longer sufficient, and the infant requires complementary foods. Special attention should be given to iron intake, as iron deficiency anemia is common at this age.
Foods such as yogurt and cheese are rich in calcium and can help strengthen bones during the teething period. Alongside these foods, breast milk remains valuable and should continue to be part of the diet to provide essential nutrients.
Between one and two years of age, the child gradually gains independence in choosing foods. During this period, about 17% of their caloric needs are met through breast milk or similar beverages, while most energy comes from a variety of foods.
Nutrients such as iron (from sources like beef and fortified cereals) and fiber (from foods like broccoli and whole grains) are especially important at this age. The child’s efforts to eat independently should be encouraged, as forcing them to eat more can negatively affect their ability to recognize hunger and fullness.
Overall, following these principles in consultation with a physician can help ensure the optimal growth and development of the child during the first thousand golden days of life.
