Exploring the Traditional Art of Mashteh Weaving!

Handicrafts in Each Province Reflect Local Culture and Traditions

Handicrafts in every province showcase the unique culture and customs of that region. Since these crafts feature diverse colors and shapes, and all raw materials and tools are readily available locally, they play a significant role economically, socially, and culturally. Compared to many other economic activities, handicrafts offer immense potential for development and progress.

In this article, we explore the art of Mashteh weaving, a traditional handicraft from Lorestan province, skillfully woven by local women. Mashteh is a fabric made from spun wool. Rooted in traditional weaving, Mashteh weaving historically produced fabrics used as floor coverings, bedding, or mats for heating stoves. Today, skilled artisans creatively use Mashteh weaving to craft a wide variety of modern products.

What is Mashteh Weaving?

Handicrafts are essential for representing a nation’s cultural identity. Interestingly, many globally recognized handicrafts are of Iranian origin, even though domestic use has declined due to a preference for luxury items.

One prominent handicraft in Lorestan is Mashteh weaving, also known as Jajim weaving. Mashteh is a type of traditional textile made from spun wool. It has long been popular among Iranian nomads and remains highly valued.

Mashteh weaving is practiced throughout Lorestan and is also common in Kermanshah, Kurdistan, and Azerbaijan, reflecting its significance in local lifestyles. Like other handicrafts, Mashteh weaving requires minimal equipment, relying mainly on physical effort, patience, and skill. Its products are relatively easy to sell, making it an excellent source of income.

Uses of Mashteh

In provinces where Mashteh weaving is practiced, it is generally referred to as Jajim, except in Kermanshah, where it is called Mashteh. Mashteh is a durable, tightly woven fabric. Historically, it was used as bedding wraps, floor coverings, and stove blankets.

Today, thanks to its vibrant colors and versatility in size and design, Mashteh weaving is applied creatively in modern products, such as:

• Table covers and mats

• Bags and purses

• Bedding and rugs

• Sofa and chair covers

• Car seat covers

• Decorative items for home interiors, shoes, and accessories

Tools for Mashteh Weaving

The main tools include:

• Mashteh loom with four “vards”: Divides warp threads during weaving.

• Warping wheel and bobbins: Prepare and hold threads.

• Mako and shuttle: Essential for passing the weft through the warp.

The loom’s four vards are connected to pedals. During weaving, the weaver moves these vards with coordinated foot movements. The weft yarn is wound around the shuttle, which passes through the warp threads. Pressing the pedals divides the warp into upper and lower sections, creating an open space for weaving.

Steps in Mashteh Weaving

1. Wind the weft yarn around the shuttle (mako) and pass it through the warp threads.

2. Use foot pedals to open the warp into two layers (upper and lower).

3. Pass the shuttle through the open warp, beating the weft into place with a comb.

4. Repeat each row while adjusting the pedals according to the weaving pattern.

The primary raw material is colored wool yarn. Common patterns include floral designs, checkered patterns, stripes, and geometric motifs. Historically used as bedding wraps, Mashteh weaving has evolved into a creative art form. Today, artisans can experiment with patterns and sizes to craft new products, combining traditional techniques with modern designs for local and international markets.

Final Thoughts

Mashteh weaving is also practiced in Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Azerbaijan, and Ilam provinces. Due to the accessibility and affordability of materials, this craft can be highly profitable. Ultimately, the true value of Mashteh lies in the skill and creativity of the artisans, whose work contributes significantly to the cultural and economic fabric of the country.