SAEDNEWS: You might not believe it, but if you own a cat as a pet, you could be twice as likely as others to be at risk for schizophrenia-related disorders.
According to SaedNews, citing KhabarOnline, researchers studying 11 countries over 44 years have found a potential link between cat ownership and the risk of schizophrenia-related disorders. The idea that owning cats might be associated with schizophrenia first appeared in a 1995 study, which suggested exposure to a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii as a possible cause. However, subsequent research has produced mixed results.
Some studies indicate that being around cats during childhood may increase the risk of developing schizophrenia, or that severe schizophrenia symptoms—affecting thoughts, emotions, and behavior—might be influenced by prolonged exposure to cats. Yet, not all studies reached the same conclusion.
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is generally harmless but can be transmitted through undercooked meat or contaminated water. Cat bites or contact with infected cat feces can also spread the parasite. In the United States alone, it is estimated that around 40 million people may carry T. gondii, usually without symptoms. Researchers, however, are exploring potential risks associated with these infections.
Once T. gondii enters the body, it can penetrate the central nervous system and affect neurotransmitters. The parasite has been linked to personality changes, psychotic symptoms, and certain neurological disorders, including schizophrenia. Still, it has not been definitively proven that T. gondii causes these changes, or that the parasite is transmitted directly from cats to humans.
Currently, 17 studies show a significant positive association between cat ownership and an increased risk of schizophrenia-related disorders. Researchers report that, after adjusting for confounding variables, people who grow up around cats have twice the likelihood of developing schizophrenia compared to others.
However, it’s important to note that 15 of these 17 studies are observational and cannot definitively prove causation, as some influencing factors may remain unaccounted for.
While research results have been inconsistent, higher-quality studies suggest that the association may be influenced by certain factors affecting outcomes. For example, one study found no significant link between owning a cat before age 13 and later schizophrenia. Yet, when cat exposure was restricted to ages 9–12, a significant correlation emerged. This inconsistency highlights that the timing of cat exposure may be a critical factor that remains unclear.
Another U.S. study of 354 psychology students found no relationship between cat ownership and schizotypal traits. A separate study, including individuals with and without mental disorders, found that cat bites were linked to higher rates of certain psychological conditions. Researchers noted that other pathogens, such as Pasteurella multocida, might also contribute to these outcomes.
Scientists agree that more comprehensive and robust research is needed before drawing firm conclusions. Nevertheless, current studies suggest there may be a potential association between owning cats and schizophrenia-related disorders, warranting further investigation.
