Zangezur Corridor Under Scrutiny: Iran Faces Challenges in Maintaining Regional Transit Role

Ehsan Movahedian, an expert on Caucasus affairs, told Etemad Online reporter about recent developments in the South Caucasus and the possible role of Washington in the region:
“What is currently happening in the South Caucasus likely presents challenges to Iran’s national interests in a pessimistic scenario. Unfortunately, since the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War in 2020, there has not been enough time to fully understand the developments, which has created conditions for various actors to enter the field. After Azerbaijan regained control over Nagorno-Karabakh, Iran has faced changes in its neighborhood, and now the potential presence of Americans in the Zangazur Corridor — whether through economic projects or route management — requires special attention and vigilance.”

He continued:
“After the Nagorno-Karabakh war, Iran could have pursued more targeted approaches and opportunities in Armenia. Over the past few years, with various investments, it had the chance to increase its influence in that country and play a significant role in its developments. However, it seems necessary movements were not taken, and the importance of this issue was not adequately addressed, which has opened up more space for foreign actors.”

Movahedian also pointed to Armenia’s unique situation:
“This country, due to its special geographical position and complex relations with neighbors, faces challenging circumstances. Nevertheless, Iran could have played a more effective role in the region with more precise planning and reduced the influence of other players. Now, the so-called Zangazur Corridor, as an important point on Iran’s borders, requires greater care and attention. Economic activities in this area might come with objectives beyond what they appear to be, and this must be thoroughly examined. It is important that Iran can play an appropriate role in these developments to prevent potential adverse impacts on regional security and stability.”

The expert also highlighted the importance of regional transit routes:
“Maintaining Iran’s position in the regional transit network is vital for national interests. Alleged efforts to exclude Iran from these routes can lead to serious challenges that need to be carefully considered.”

In conclusion, he emphasized:
“Important decisions regarding foreign policy and national security must always be made domestically to preserve independence and national interests. Past signs of potential threats must be reviewed to better protect the country’s interests in the future.”