As drought pushes farmers toward risky shortcuts, religious and health rules collide — here’s a plain guide to when wastewater irrigation is allowed and when it isn’t.
Using wastewater for irrigation has become an important topic because freshwater is scarce in some areas. But what is the ruling on this practice from a religious perspective?
Using wastewater to water orchards and fields — especially where water is limited — is one of the key issues farmers face today. Reasons such as drought and low cost push some to use sewage water for agriculture. However, it should be noted that relying on treated effluent carries both benefits and potential risks, and the advantages and hazards should be weighed carefully before deciding whether to use such water. Below are several points about using wastewater for gardens and fields.
The answer to whether irrigation with wastewater is permitted depends on several factors:
Key factors | Explanation |
|---|---|
Type of wastewater | Raw sewage, partially treated, or fully treated effluent lead to different rulings. |
Pollution level | Higher contamination increases the chance the water is considered impure (najis). |
Type of crop | Some plants tolerate contamination better; others are more vulnerable. |
How the product is consumed | If the crop is eaten raw, greater caution is required. |
In general, the religious rulings regarding this matter are as follows:
Wastewater type | Typical ruling |
|---|---|
Raw sewage | Irrigation with raw sewage is considered impure (najis) and is forbidden for growing crops. |
Partially treated wastewater | Some jurists permit its use for crops that are not eaten raw; others advise avoiding it as a precaution. |
Fully treated wastewater | If the effluent is thoroughly treated and meets health standards, its use for irrigation is generally permitted. |
Ask a qualified jurist (mujtahid): To be certain of a specific ruling, it is best to consult your religious authority.
Health considerations: Even when allowed religiously, there can be health risks; hygiene standards must be observed.
Local laws and regulations: Using wastewater for irrigation may violate local legal standards; check applicable rules before proceeding.
Using wastewater for irrigation is complex and has many dimensions. To decide, consider the water’s type and contamination level, the crop species, how the produce will be consumed, and the relevant religious rulings. The article recommends:
Prefer freshwater when possible.
If using effluent, use only fully treated water.
Consult agricultural and health experts before using wastewater for irrigation.
