Laos is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia with a unique culture among its people. Join Saed News to learn more about the culture of the people of Laos.
Introduction to the Culture and Traditions of the People of Laos
Laos, a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, has developed its unique culture and customs over millennia as an inland crossroads of trade and migration in the region. As of 2012, Laos had a population of approximately 6.4 million people spread across more than 236,800 square kilometers, making it one of the least densely populated countries in Asia. Despite its small population, Laos officially recognizes over 47 ethnic groups, further divided into 149 subgroups speaking around 80 different languages. Throughout the country’s history, the Lao Loum have constituted the dominant ethnic and linguistic majority. In the context of Southeast Asia, Laos' traditional culture is considered one of the Greater Indian cultures (along with Burma, Thailand, and Cambodia).
Religion in Laos
Buddhism was introduced to Laos around the 8th century, particularly through the spread of Burmese missionaries after it had already reached neighboring countries like Cambodia, Thailand, and Myanmar. Theravāda monks practiced Buddhism, which became the most common religion by the 14th century. In Laos, Buddhism is primarily practiced by the Lao ethnic majority. Citizens, especially those in rural areas, are encouraged to actively participate in religious life. It is expected that every Buddhist man will spend several months as a monk, and elderly widowed women often become nuns.
Buddhist groups in Laos generally enjoy greater religious freedom than other religious communities. However, all religious groups faced increased restrictions in 2016 following the issuance of Decree 315, which aimed to regulate religious principles and requirements in the country. For example, all Buddhist groups must now register with the Ministry of Home Affairs—an obligation that was previously less enforced. In addition, Buddhist monks are now required to carry identification cards at all times, though this rule is more relaxed compared to the training certification requirements for other religious clergy.
Language and Currency of Laos
Laos has a population of over six million people, and Lao is the official language of the country. This tonal language, part of the Kra-Dai language family, is also spoken in northern Thailand. Over 90 distinct native languages are spoken by the various ethnic groups in Laos. The Lao language, which is centered in the capital Vientiane, is the most widely used. The national currency is the kip. Laos covers an area of over 238,000 square kilometers.
Culture of the People of Laos
Ethnic identification in Laos is often contextual. Related ethnic groups include the so-called Tai tribes: Black Tai, White Tai, and Red Tai. These groups are generally non-Buddhist and have been influenced by neighboring Sino-Vietnamese cultures. In 1995, Laos officially recognized 43 ethnic groups, most of which reside in rural and mountainous regions. Urban areas have significant populations of ethnic Chinese and Vietnamese. Vientiane, which was the capital of the early Lao kingdoms, was destroyed by the Siamese in the early 19th century. The French later reestablished it as the capital in 1893 when Laos became part of French Indochina. Luang Prabang remained the royal capital until the monarchy fell in 1975. Other major cities, such as Savannakhet and Pakse, also lie along the Mekong River.
As of 1998, the population was 5,261,000, with urban dwellers accounting for 23%. Nearly 70% of the population is under 30 years old, making Laos one of the least urbanized and most youthful countries in Asia.
Daily Life in Laos
Laos is one of the least populated nations in Southeast Asia. Vientiane, with a population of about 500,000, is the largest city, though much of the population lives in rural villages. Other important cities include Savannakhet and Pakse, while Luang Prabang holds historical significance. These cities feature a blend of French colonial architecture, Buddhist temples, traditional Lao stilt houses, American-style homes from the 1950s and 60s, and new homes modeled after Thai designs. All are located near rivers, which serve as central recreational areas.
Most Lao people live in rural villages clustered around temples. Ethnic groups such as the Lao, Tai, and Khmu reside in stilt houses raised above the ground. In Khmu villages, instead of temples, communal houses are often used for meetings, typically by men. Hmong, Mid-Yu, and other northern groups build large, sturdy homes on the ground. In the south, the Ta Oi people live in organized villages. The temple remains the heart of social and recreational life in most Lao communities and is often the site of religious festivals.
Wonders of Laos
Vientiane is nestled among the curves of the Mekong River and is considered the calmest capital city in Southeast Asia. It features broad avenues and narrow alleys that echo its French colonial past. The city exudes vibrant charm, with saffron-robed monks and modern hotels reflecting the liveliness of its culture. The beauty of the city lies in its unique character and tranquil surroundings.
Laos offers fantastic opportunities for hiking and staying in traditional homestays. It is known for its safe environment and unique overnight accommodations. Traditional dress in Laos typically features brightly colored garments. The country is especially appealing to eco-tourists, with mountain trekking being a key attraction. One of the most famous hiking destinations is known for its strategic regional location.
The Vieng Xai caves, carved into massive rock faces, are a stunning sight and have survived extensive bombings. These caves are a major tourist draw, featuring simulated tours. Nearby, the expansive garden of the Red Prince can also be found.
Traditional Lao Cuisine
If you enjoy sticky rice, you’ll love Laos. "Kao Niaow" is a national treasure served at every meal in bamboo baskets. To eat it, break off a small piece with your right hand, roll it into a ball, and dip it into the nearest available sauce—making the experience both tasty and fun.
Other national dishes include:
Kaipen (fried riverweed)
Khao Jee (baguette)
Khao Poon (spicy noodle soup)
Lao Sausage
Larb (minced meat salad)
Lao Pho
Or Lam (Lao stew)
Sien Savanh (Lao beef jerky)
Final Words
Laos has made significant strides toward becoming a recognized tourist destination. The country has progressed in various areas of investment and continues to follow a development-oriented approach. Laos is also emerging as a strong player in economic growth, focusing on boosting domestic production and exports. The government has aimed to establish a solid economic foundation for the country—and with considerable success.
