Needlework: Exploring a Timeless Craft in Iran’s Balouchistan

Baluch embroidery, known locally as Suchan Duzi, has a rich history that traces back to the early years of the Islamic era. Historical documents indicate that this intricate needlework flourished during the Timurid and Safavid dynasties, becoming a hallmark of Baluch cultural heritage. Today, Suchan Duzi remains an essential decorative element in traditional Baluch attire, reflecting centuries of artisanal skill.

Usage and Regional Significance

The embroidery is widely applied on local dresses, covering fabrics extensively. Common placements include the handcuffs of sleeves, trousers, and strips on the back or top of the Chador, a traditional garment worn by women. Its popularity spans across Zahedan and Saravan in the east to Iranshahr in the west, as well as in surrounding villages and cities, making it a unifying element of Baluch identity.

Each nomadic region has developed its distinct needlework techniques, with notable variations between areas such as Iranshahr (Qasem Abad, Pip, Espakeh, Verkat, Chenef) and the regions of Khash and Gasht. Qasem Abad, in particular, has produced acclaimed artists, including Ms. Zarkhatun Baluchi and Ms. Mahtab Jahan Bani, who have contributed to preserving and innovating this craft.

Types and Colors

Baluch embroidery encompasses several styles: Sarafi Duzi, Zarif Duzi, Parivar Duzi, and Baluch Duzi. The works are characterized by bright, vibrant colors, with orange and red dominating, while green, blue, white, and black are used for intricate details.

Motifs and Patterns

A defining feature of Baluch embroidery is the prevalence of geometric and linear motifs, while cursive and circular designs are rare. The motifs are generally categorized into three groups:

1. Geometric motifs – The most popular, featuring triangles, squares, and diamonds, which are also commonly seen in Baluch pottery.

2. Natural motifs – These include floral and animal designs such as:

   • Gol-e Sohr (red flower)

   • Gol-e Chahar Bargi (four-petal flower)

   • Gol-e Hasht Bargi (eight-petal flower)

   • Katarog (dandelion)

   • Morg Punch (chicken feet)

   • Hoshter Domb (camel tail)

   • Katarpadak (insect feet)

   • Wings of the dove

3. Natural elements – Representations of landscapes, including mountains and rivers. The motif “Chapras”, symbolizing waves and motion, is especially iconic in this category.

Beyond Clothing

Baluch embroidery is not limited to garments. It is also used to adorn holy Quran covers, kohl holders, bags, and cushions, expanding its role from functional decoration to sacred and everyday artistry.