SAEDNEWS: The Jameh Mosque of Qazvin, an iconic example of Persian architecture, reflects various historical periods, particularly Seljuk, Safavid, and Qajar styles. It stands as a testament to Iran’s architectural brilliance and cultural legacy.
According to SAEDNEWS, The Jameh Mosque of Qazvin, often referred to as the Friday Mosque, is among Iran’s most ancient and culturally important mosques.
The Jameh Mosque of Qazvin, often referred to as the Friday Mosque, is one of Iran’s most ancient and historically important mosques, boasting a legacy that spans multiple dynastic periods and architectural transformations. Serving as a key historical and cultural landmark, the mosque exemplifies the development of Islamic architectural styles over centuries.
Constructed on the remnants of a Sassanian fire temple, the mosque’s origins trace back to the year 807 CE (192 AH), initiated by the Abbasid Caliph Harun Al-Rashid. Throughout the years, the mosque has undergone numerous expansions and refurbishments, each influenced by different ruling dynasties, who left their mark on the mosque’s design and structure.
During the reign of the Seljuk dynasty (1038-1194), two iwans were added to the northern side of the mosque. The Safavid dynasty (1501-1732) made their contributions by building the southern and western iwans, alongside arcades. Further restoration and extension occurred during the Qajar period (1779-1924), ensuring the mosque’s preservation for future generations.
The mosque’s four-iwan design, typical of its type, is exemplified in the spacious central courtyard, which spans nearly 4,000 square meters, making it one of the largest courtyards in Iran. A central fountain enhances the tranquil atmosphere, adding to the serenity of the mosque.
The southern iwan, a particularly notable feature, was constructed under the Safavid ruler Abbas II. This structure measures 14.5 meters across and stands 21 meters tall. Behind this towering iwan is a prayer hall, which dates back to the Seljuk period. The hall is covered by an impressive double-shell dome, one of the finest examples of medieval Islamic engineering, and its intricate floral tiles have been remarkably well-preserved.
The northern iwan, originally commissioned by Safavid ruler Tahmasp, was renovated in the Qajar period. It is flanked by two tall minarets, each standing at 25 meters, adding a sense of grandeur to the mosque. The western iwan, which provides access to the mosque’s rear corridors, was built during the reign of Safavid ruler Soleiman. The eastern iwan, constructed in the 19th century, lacks the ornate decorations found in the other iwans, giving it a simpler, understated appearance.
The mosque’s structure is predominantly brick, with stunning tilework and inscriptions embellishing key areas. The main prayer hall features a beautifully detailed mihrab and minbar made from stone, with intricate floral motifs adorning the upper walls. Colorful tiles and Kufic and Sols inscriptions, highly valued for their calligraphic precision, cover the walls. These inscriptions continue to be of great importance in the study of Islamic calligraphy, even after more than nine centuries.
Muqarnas decorations, a hallmark of Islamic architecture, decorate the mosque’s iwans. In the northern iwan, these are crafted from stucco, while in the southern iwan, the muqarnas are made from exposed brick. The two northern minarets, adorned with bright floral tiles, further enhance the mosque’s visual appeal.
The mosque can be accessed through an eastern portal, leading visitors into a narrow corridor that opens up to the vast courtyard. A central fountain and a staircase leading down to an underground canal add to the charm of the space. Smaller courtyards in the northwest and northeast corners offer additional areas for exploration.
As a national monument, the Jameh Mosque of Qazvin remains an important destination for historians, scholars, and tourists alike. Its stunning architectural design, historical importance, and remarkable inscriptions make it an essential visit for anyone traveling to Qazvin. The mosque stands as a powerful reminder of Iran’s rich cultural and architectural heritage.
Qazvin, located about 150 km northwest of Tehran, was the capital of the Safavid Empire for over four decades (1555-1598). Known today as the calligraphy capital of Iran, the city has played a crucial role in Iranian history.
Qazvin was first established by Shapur I, the second ruler of the Sasanian Empire, and later refounded by Shapur II, who established a coin mint there. The city served as a frontier stronghold against the Daylamites, who frequently raided the region.
Captured by Arab forces around 644 CE and later destroyed by Hulagu Khan in the 13th century, Qazvin regained prominence in 1555 when Shah Tahmasp moved the Safavid capital there. The city remained the empire’s capital until 1598, when Abbas the Great relocated it to Isfahan. Today, Qazvin continues to thrive as a provincial capital and remains a vibrant cultural center in Iran.
