Zamoudgari is an art that has become obsolete, and perhaps today only a few are familiar with it. In this article, we at Saed News aim to introduce this art. Stay with us.
A term used to describe the production of metal parts such as door and window fittings, was an art form traditionally used in Iran. Essentially, it refers to a craft where various metal accessories for old traditional doors and windows were created. Likely, zamoudgars (craftsmen) possessed significant skills in design and painting, as the word "zamoud" means to decorate, design, or add ornamental details. The most common material used in this craft is iron.
The word "zamoud" refers to the process of decorating, designing, and adding ornamental parts to buildings. This is why experts believe that zamoudgars were highly skilled in design and painting. In zamoudgari, the primary metal used was iron, which has been used throughout history by various Iranian civilizations for making tools, weapons, and decorative items. During the Islamic period, craftsmen utilized different metals and alloys, following the techniques of Sassanian metalworkers. However, the peak of metalworking in Iran is associated with the Seljuk period, where the creation of various metal objects, such as household items, lanterns, cups, and door accessories like knockers, studs, bolts, and locks, became popular. It is assumed that during this period, artists' creativity led to the emergence of zamoudgari as an art form.
Initially, iron was used for making jewelry, but once people realized its strength and durability, it was also used to reinforce vulnerable materials, including wood for doorways. In archaeological findings from the Leikh Shirvan cemetery in Ardabil, wooden pieces were covered with metal sheets and studs. This technique of iron cladding doors continued throughout history, from the Median period to later times.
Historically, two types of door knockers were installed on doors: small and large. Even when the same size was used, they produced different sounds—one deep and the other high-pitched. According to customs, women would use the smaller knocker, and the household would recognize the visitor by the sound.
Zamoudgari gradually faded into obscurity. This craft, once prevalent in desert regions of Iran, is now considered one of the lost arts of the country. Today, workshops dedicated to producing this art no longer exist, and the number of blacksmiths has significantly declined. The replacement of traditional wooden doors with metal ones, the time-consuming nature of making wooden doors, and the lack of recognition of cultural heritage are some of the reasons for the decline of this craft.
While the traditional wooden doors and decorative arts may no longer serve the demands of modern life, this craft can still be applied in new ways. Industrial design, for instance, can take inspiration from zamoudgari to create functional decorative items, such as cabinet handles, display case fittings, and table designs. These designs can incorporate the same patterns and decorative elements, but in a way that suits modern architecture and design.
Supporting neglected and obsolete arts, through recognition and the development of practical solutions, is a reality that requires the attention of educational and support institutions. Investment in reviving and innovating lost arts could greatly benefit the country's cultural heritage and contribute to economic growth, tourism, and recognition of artists and craftsmen.
