SAEDNEWS: Demodex mites are cigar-shaped, microscopic mites that live in hair follicles. Puppies acquire these mites from their mothers during the first few days of life. In the following sections, we will examine the signs of these mites and their effects on dogs.
According to SaedNews Family Service, Demodex is a tiny parasitic organism (less than one millimeter) that can sometimes cause a skin condition called demodicosis in dogs and cats. Demodex belongs to the mite family (similar to Sarcoptes) and is classified among arachnids. While demodicosis is more commonly observed in dogs than in cats, the specific species causing the disease differs between the two animals.
There are two main types of demodicosis:
Localized Demodicosis:
This form usually appears in puppies and young dogs. It affects a specific area of the body, such as the face or head. Common signs include hair loss patches, “black heads,” and mild skin redness.
Generalized Demodicosis:
Seen in both young and older dogs, this form affects the entire body and is considered more serious. Symptoms include itching, skin infections, widespread hair loss, crusting, and sores.
Why some dogs carry Demodex mites without damage while others are severely affected remains unclear. It may relate to the species of Demodex or the dog’s immune response. A normally functioning immune system usually keeps Demodex populations under control. Consequently, demodicosis is more common in dogs with suppressed immunity or underlying health issues.
Diagnosis involves detecting and identifying the mites microscopically. This is usually done by skin scraping and hair plucking. Any complicating factors, such as secondary skin infections, must also be diagnosed. Typically, a swab is taken from the affected area and sent to a laboratory.
It is important not to apply any antibacterial agents or creams to the affected area for 24 hours before veterinary examination, as these substances can interfere with the test results. If an underlying condition is suspected, additional tests such as blood and urine analysis may be performed.
Demodicosis unrelated to immune deficiencies may resolve on its own or with medication. For dogs with dense fur, trimming hair around affected areas ensures that topical treatments reach the mites effectively. Washing affected regions with benzoyl peroxide shampoo can accelerate recovery.
For generalized demodicosis, the entire body should be treated with benzoyl peroxide, and anti-mite medications such as ivermectin may be used. Caution: Ivermectin is toxic for Collie breeds (purebred or mixed), so veterinary supervision is essential.
Additionally, any bacterial infection must be treated with the appropriate antibiotic. Never self-medicate; always consult a veterinarian. Some anti-inflammatory or corticosteroid drugs can weaken the dog’s immune system, allowing mite populations to grow uncontrollably. In such cases, these medications should be discontinued, and anti-mite treatments initiated simultaneously.
