Introduction to the Customs and Traditions of the People of Zambia!

This country is located in the southern part of Africa, and its capital is a beautiful city called Lusaka. This city has a vast natural environment, and its people always try to make recreation an important part of their lives. Lusaka is located in the northwest part of Zambia and is considered an ideal place to live. Zambia is known as the Copperbelt, and most of its people strive to attain favorable economic conditions. In general, Zambia borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, which has greatly influenced the country's history—so much so that its historical situation is intertwined with areas such as Tanzania and Malawi. After historical conflicts occurred in Zambia, most of the population settled around the capital.

Religion and Language in Zambia

Approximately 98% of Zambia's population is Black African, while 1% is European. Additionally, 87% of Zambians are Christian, 1% are Muslim, and the rest follow indigenous beliefs. Islam is mainly found in the Copperbelt Province. Most Muslims in Zambia are Sunni, though there is also a small Shia presence. The official language of Zambia is English, though more than 70 local languages and dialects are spoken.

Zambian Culture

When serving fish, Zambians tend to whisper a prayer for forgiveness for the fish—this is part of their culture. Fatty foods are rarely consumed, and people prefer cooked meals with appealing flavors. Fresh vegetables are often used, and potato powder is a common ingredient. Cultural values also extend to sleep; people value silence and prioritize restful sleep, especially for the elderly. Children are highly valued, reflecting the country's cultural policies. Late-night activities are rare and usually limited to special celebrations.

Superstitions in Zambia

Zambians avoid talking to certain people—this has been controversial and impacts local dynamics. This behavior stems from superstitions. People who work in geology and mining are often disliked. The soil is considered sacred, and there is discomfort with disturbing it. Some believe the earth holds the spirits of the dead. While these beliefs are not officially recognized, they affect specific groups and have economic and social implications.

Public Laws in Zambia

Zambians try to drive carefully, and road laws have evolved to reduce accidents. The automobile industry has grown, and foreign investment is encouraged. Employment laws also guide businesses, with traditional business practices still common. Registering a business requires assessing the price of Zambian kwacha and aligning with current budgets. Business budgets often follow precise and professional standards.

Zambian Clothing

Colorful clothing is popular, and head coverings are common, particularly patterned scarves. Bright clothes are worn more frequently than dark ones. In some workplaces, employees wear uniforms not used outside work. Men often prefer light-colored outfits. Symbolic clothing is worn during special festivals. Due to poverty, expensive clothing is rare, and most people wear simple garments—often with cultural symbols. There is no strict dress code or defined concept of hijab. Clothing reflects both economic and social values.

Zambian-Style Marriage

Paying a bride price, known as “lobola,” is a common tradition across Africa, including Zambia. Like the old Iranian tradition of "sheerbahaa," lobola grants the right to marry a woman. Despite modern criticism, lobola remains a respected and vital tradition. Not observing it is seen as dishonorable. It strengthens family ties and fosters goodwill.

Sociologists argue that lobola has sometimes been abused in modern times. The process can be complicated and highly ritualized. Even if families live near each other, all negotiations must be in writing and are conducted by the groom’s relatives—usually his uncle. Formal relations are marked by placing an unopened bottle on the table to show both sides accept the terms. Negotiations can take two days, often focusing on the amount to be paid.

Several other traditions precede the actual wedding, including a period where the couple may not see each other. This builds trust and understanding. Lobola isn’t about wealth accumulation; the money supports the bride’s preparation for married life. It's a way for the groom’s family to thank the bride’s family.

Lobola is traditionally paid with cattle. In tribes like the Bemba, where cattle-raising isn’t common, the groom works for his future father-in-law for a set period. Sometimes, part of the bride price is withheld until after the birth of the first child. In case of divorce, some of it may be refunded.

Marriage primarily aims to add members to the extended family and to have children. Polygamy is allowed in many tribes, though only wealthy men can afford it. Chiefs often have multiple wives—some have had as many as 50 to 70 wives.

In tribes like the Bemba, girls undergo a ceremony called “Chisungu” to mark their passage into womanhood. Elder women teach them household and societal responsibilities. Girls typically marry after this rite, while boys may remain unmarried until age 30.

Zambian Cuisine

“Pap and relish” is a popular meal made with barbecued meat and a special corn mixture. It is often served with a tangy, juicy pickle. The dish is spicy, which may not suit everyone. The phrase “burn the meat” is commonly used. This dish is widely popular during large festivals.

“Piri-piri chicken” is another iconic dish, made with a creamy coconut sauce and various spices. It includes garlic and chili and is traditionally served. It’s made from cassava leaves and cooked in a groundnut-based sauce.

“Jollof rice” is also popular, made with rice, tomatoes, and onions. It has a sweet and spicy flavor and may include red meat or chicken. Shish kebabs are often added.

“Fat rabbit” is a special dish served with bread and vegetables and is especially common among construction workers due to its affordability and taste. It’s served with a meat-based soup and is highly regarded.

Final Word

Zambians strive for self-improvement, which is evident in the rising literacy rate among women. A decade ago, only 10% of women sought education; today, it’s over 52%. Literacy is now highly valued. The people of Zambia are showing that they can adapt and plan according to scientific principles.