Many pregnant women experience belly button pain during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The navel is the site where the placenta attaches to the uterus. After birth, it no longer connects to any part of the abdominal cavity. Most causes of belly button pain are harmless and disappear after the baby is born.
Belly button pain during pregnancy is a very common symptom and is primarily due to changes in the body that support the growth of the baby. Discomfort around the navel, especially in the later stages of pregnancy, occurs for reasons such as the increasing size of the abdomen, the baby’s movements, and limited space in the woman’s body, though it may also be felt early on. You might experience pain around the navel and the surrounding area of the abdomen, and there may be some swelling. The pain is usually not constant and may be triggered by touching the area or physical activity such as bending or lifting something. If belly button pain occurs in the later stages of pregnancy, spreads across the abdomen, and is accompanied by uterine contractions, it may indicate labor.
Pressure from the uterus: Belly button pain is a common experience in the later stages of pregnancy. As the baby grows, the uterus expands beyond its normal position to accommodate it. This movement puts pressure on the belly, including the navel. During the second trimester, the uterus no longer remains in the pelvis; it now sits between the navel and the chest. In the third trimester, the uterus expands from the pubic area up to the lower ribs. The growth of the uterus and the baby’s position can put pressure on the navel. Over time, the increased pressure on the navel may cause pain, itching, and discomfort.
Stretching: Weight gain and the shifting of organs during pregnancy cause stretching of the skin and muscles around the abdomen. Stretching can sometimes lead to diastasis recti, a condition in which the abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis) separate into two halves, left and right. These muscles run from below the sternum to the pelvis. The stretching of the skin may also cause some localized pain and itching in the abdomen and surrounding areas.
Opening of the navel: Some pregnant women experience an outward bulging of the navel, which happens when pregnancy causes the belly button to protrude. This can increase sensitivity and pain.
Umbilical hernia: Although an umbilical hernia may seem concerning, it typically does not harm the pregnant woman or the baby. An umbilical hernia occurs when intestinal pressure pushes into the navel cavity. It may get trapped there and become inflamed and painful. An umbilical hernia can occur due to increased pressure from the growing uterus. Doctors may recommend observation and waiting rather than surgery unless significant symptoms occur. However, if there is a risk of strangulation (a complication where part of the intestine doesn't get enough blood supply), surgery may be needed. Strangulation can lead to tissue death and other complications. Surgery for the pregnant woman and baby carries little risk, though the risk is relatively low.
Pierced navel: A woman may need to remove any abdominal piercings during pregnancy. If the piercing pulls on tightened skin, it could tear. Tearing or injuring the navel increases the risk of infection. If the piercing is less than a year old, it may still be healing, so a woman should consult with a gynecologist before removing it.
Sleeping with the belly elevated or on the side
Using a belly band to support the abdomen and reduce skin stretching
Engaging in water activities to reduce the added weight on the belly or back
Wearing comfortable, light, cotton clothing
Applying moisturizing cream or cocoa butter to the skin around the navel
Aloe vera lotion may help soothe painful skin
Applying a warm or cool compress to the itchy or painful area may relieve discomfort. Avoid using extremely hot or ice compresses that are not wrapped in a towel, as they may cause burns and increase navel sensitivity.
Calamine lotion or aloe vera gel can also help soothe the sensitive skin around the navel.
If the pain is not caused by an umbilical hernia, pregnancy massage may also help relieve discomfort. A systematic review has shown that massage, including from a partner, can provide moderate relief from back and pelvic pain.
If any pain relief techniques have been tried but no improvement is seen and you notice redness or irritation at the navel area, seek medical attention immediately. These signs could indicate a more serious condition. It is essential to investigate what dangerous factor may be causing the issue. If the skin is inflamed, red, or cracked, or if the pain is severe or sharp, it's best to consult with a doctor. Most causes of belly button pain during pregnancy do not lead to any permanent complications, so there is no need to worry. However, if the pain continues or worsens over time, it should be reported to an obstetrician to see if another underlying issue is causing this symptom.
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