Fissure sealing is a protective layer applied to the chewing surface of the molars to reduce the likelihood of decay. The process of sealing the teeth is quick and painless. In this section, the process of tooth fissure sealing is discussed.
Sealing and smoothing the grooves and cavities in teeth is a quick and painless treatment, usually taking only a few minutes for each tooth. This treatment is simpler than filling a tooth. No anesthesia is required because the tooth is not being drilled.
The steps for fissure sealing are as follows:
The tooth is thoroughly cleaned and dried.
The surface of the tooth is prepared for the sealing material to adhere.
A fissure sealant solution is applied to the tooth to flow into and cover all deep grooves and cavities.
The material hardens and adheres to the tooth when exposed to a special light.
The contact between the tooth and the opposing tooth is checked, any excess material is removed, and the tooth is polished.
Durability and Longevity of Tooth Fissure Sealants: Fissure sealants typically last for about five years, though their exact lifespan depends on the quality of the material, the sealing process, and your care. In some cases, they have lasted up to 15 years. However, in some instances, the sealant may detach within six months after treatment. If it has been a long time since your fissure sealing, it is recommended to replace it or have it checked with an X-ray to ensure it is still properly adhered to the tooth.
Advantages of Fissure Sealing:
It is a simple and effective treatment.
It prevents decay on the chewing surfaces of teeth.
It is inexpensive, especially compared to filling cavities or other restorations.
Disadvantages of Fissure Sealing:
Possible side effects include:
A rare allergic reaction.
Changes in the contact between teeth if the sealant layer is too thick.
Short lifespan if not applied correctly or if not cared for properly.
Who Should Consider Fissure Sealing? Fissure sealing is recommended by dentists if there are deep grooves or pits in your teeth, and it seems difficult to clean them effectively. Not all teeth need fissure sealing. Some dentists recommend this treatment for the first molar (the first large back tooth) that appears around age six. Other back teeth (second and third molars, or wisdom teeth) appear around age 13, and their need for sealing should be assessed at that time.
Using Fissure Sealants for Adults: Fissure sealants are generally not used for adults, although some sources like the CDC and ADA suggest that they may prevent decay in adults as well. However, this is still under clinical testing. In general, applying sealants to adults is not ideal, as their teeth have been exposed to oral bacteria for a long time. The complex bacteria structure likely remains in the grooves of the teeth beneath the sealant. For adults, the grooves must first be cleaned, disinfected with ozone gas, and then immediately sealed. This helps reduce the risk of decay underneath the sealant.
What to Do if the Sealant Comes Off? Sometimes the fissure sealant may come off, which could happen within six months after the treatment. If you do not notice that some areas of the sealant have loosened or detached, plaque and bacteria may penetrate beneath it, causing decay. Therefore, it is advised to visit your dentist every six months to check the condition of the sealant and have it replaced if necessary.
Why is It Not Recommended for Everyone to Have Fissure Sealing? The need for this treatment depends on the shape of the teeth. While fissure sealing reduces the risk of decay, most people do not need it and can maintain healthy teeth with good oral hygiene, a healthy diet, and regular dental check-ups. However, teeth with deep grooves that are difficult or impossible to clean should have this treatment.
Can Fissure Sealants Be Removed? Sealants can generally be removed easily using a laser or dental drill. This process preserves the healthy tooth structure, and if desired, the tooth can be resealed. Sealants are typically removed for the following reasons:
To repair cracks or damage to the sealant.
To remove improperly applied sealants.
To treat decay remaining beneath the sealant.
How to Prevent Tooth Decay Without Fissure Sealing: Humans evolved and grew without sealants for millions of years. However, when a proper diet is not followed or if teeth have deep grooves, sealants can be very beneficial. Even with a healthy diet, sealants still help prevent decay. To prevent decay, the following actions are effective:
Eat natural foods rich in nutrients.
Practice good oral hygiene, including brushing, flossing, and using mouthwash.
Using oil-based mouthwashes can help eliminate hidden bacteria in the grooves of the teeth.
Use toothpaste containing hydroxyapatite and fluoride to remineralize and strengthen tooth enamel.
Avoid mouth breathing, as it causes dry mouth and disrupts the oral microbiome.
Do not skip regular dental check-ups, as your dentist can detect early signs of decay. Foods that fully support tooth health include:
Proteins
Healthy fats
Fiber
Antioxidants
Vitamins
Minerals like phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium.
