Exploring the Historical Churches of Iran

According to SAEDNEWS, Iran is not only known for its beautiful landscapes and rich culture, but it also has a fascinating history of churches, especially those built by Armenia’s Christian community. Most of these churches date back to the 8th century A.H. (14th century AD) and onward. However, that doesn’t mean churches didn’t exist before this period.

One of the main reasons for the increase in churches during this time was the Safavid king, Shah Abbas I. He welcomed a large number of Armenians to Iran, particularly to a region called Jolfa, located by the Zayande-rud River in Isfahan. Many Armenians also settled in Gilan and Shiraz. Shah Abbas II, who succeeded him, continued his policies, leading to even more churches being built.

During the Qajar dynasty, the presence of Europeans further aided the development of churches. Several of these structures stand today, showcasing remarkable architecture and artistry.

Notable Churches in Iran

The Oldest Churches of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan is home to some of Iran's oldest churches. Among them, the Tatavous Vank (St. Tatavous Cathedral), also known as Ghara Kelissa, stands out. Located near the border area south of Makou, it features a unique architectural blend that highlights both Iranian and Byzantine influences. Another important church is the Saint Stepanous Church, found just south of Jolfa town.

Saint Mary’s Church in Tabriz

Dating back to the 6th century A.H. (12th century AD), Saint Mary’s Church has historical significance as it once served as the seat of the Azerbaijan Armenian Archbishop. This grand structure has beautiful annex buildings and was even mentioned by the famous traveler Marco Polo during his journeys.

Saint Tatavous Monastery or Ghara Kelissa

Originally a small church with a pyramid-shaped dome, the Saint Tatavous Monastery has seen many changes over the years. The church showcases a combination of Byzantine and Armenian architectural styles. Despite facing challenges from natural calamities and political unrest, it remains an important pilgrimage site for Armenians from across the country.

Churches in Esfahan

In Esfahan, the renowned Vank Cathedral stands as a testament to Iranian architecture. Built during Shah Abbas I's reign, this magnificent cathedral features stunning murals and beautiful tile work, reflecting both Armenian and Italian art styles. The church complex also includes a museum filled with artifacts and documents from the Safavid period.

Churches in Shiraz

In Shiraz, you can find the Armenian Church built during Shah Abbas II’s era, set in a lovely garden. Decorated with beautiful Safavid-style paintings, it highlights the architectural elegance of the time. Another notable church in this city is Saint Simon’s Church, adorned with Iranian art and stained-glass windows.

The Story Continues

There are countless other churches scattered across Iran, from Tehran to Bushehr, reflecting the deep-rooted history and cultural blend of the region. However, many of these churches now stand abandoned, echoing tales of a once-thriving Armenian Christian community.

In conclusion, the historical churches of Iran are not just places of worship; they are testimonies of the cultural exchanges and the rich tapestry that defines Iranian history. By exploring these churches, we gain insight into the country’s diverse religious heritage and architectural advancements.