Submarines, as one of the most complex and advanced military and research tools, utilize a range of innovative technologies that enable them to carry out their missions in the depths of the sea.
According to the Science and Technology Service of Saednews, submarines are highly significant due to their ability to move underwater and perform special missions. These vehicles have become unique tools through advanced technologies in various fields such as propulsion, navigation systems, communication, sensors, and defense systems. This article explores some of the most important technologies used in submarines that enable these vehicles to function optimally under harsh and challenging underwater conditions. Submarines, as one of the most complex and advanced vehicles in the underwater world, utilize various technologies to carry out multiple functions, including movement in the depths of the sea, gathering information, and performing special missions. Below are some of the key technologies used in submarines:
Submarines typically use either diesel or nuclear engines for propulsion.
Nuclear Propulsion: Nuclear-powered submarines use nuclear energy to generate electricity and propulsion. This system allows them to remain submerged for extended periods without the need for refueling.
Diesel-Electric Propulsion: Diesel-electric submarines connect a diesel engine to electric motors that provide the necessary energy for movement. These submarines can only operate underwater for short durations.
Submarines use complex systems to maintain balance and control their depth:
Ballast Tanks: To control depth, submarines use ballast tanks, which can be filled or emptied with water or air to control buoyancy and depth.
Automatic Depth Control Systems: More advanced submarines use automated systems to precisely regulate and maintain their depth.
Submarines need precise navigation systems for movement:
Acoustic Systems (Sonar): Submarines use sonar to detect objects and obstacles underwater. This system sends sound waves and receives their reflections to determine the position and distance of obstacles.
Inertial Navigation Systems (INS): These systems help submarines determine their position underwater without relying on satellite signals.
GPS Systems with Submarine-Specific Modifications: Surface or near-surface submarines use GPS for positioning, but these signals are not available at great depths.
Submarines need to communicate with other submarines or shore bases. Special systems are used for this purpose:
Acoustic Communication Systems: Radio waves cannot travel underwater, so acoustic communication systems are used to exchange information via sound waves.
Cable Communications: Submarines may use special cables to send information to the surface and receive instructions.
Submarines are equipped with various advanced sensors and cameras for gathering environmental data and identifying targets:
Underwater Cameras: For observing the underwater environment and identifying obstacles or desired targets.
Chemical and Biological Sensors: For detecting pollutants or monitoring underwater environmental conditions.
Thermal Imaging Systems: For detecting water temperature and objects in specific conditions.
Submarines, especially military ones, are equipped with advanced defense systems:
Missiles and Torpedoes: Submarines can serve as platforms for launching missiles and torpedoes.
Anti-Ship and Anti-Submarine Systems: For self-defense against enemy threats.
Submarines need to store energy to power their systems during missions:
Lithium-Ion Batteries: In diesel-electric submarines, rechargeable batteries play a key role in storing and providing energy.
Fuel Cells: Some submarines use fuel cells to generate electricity, offering better performance than battery systems.
To protect the submarine and its crew in harsh conditions, various security systems are used:
Waterproof Doors: Inside the submarine, doors are installed to prevent water from entering other sections in case of a leak.
Monitoring Systems for Technical Status: Submarines have advanced systems to monitor the status of the engine, electrical systems, and other components.
These technologies enable submarines to operate efficiently and safely under extreme environmental conditions, such as great depths and high pressures, allowing them to carry out their missions effectively.
